Glossary

Book-value Per Share. Net assets divided by shares outstanding, representing the accounting book value attributable to each share

The proportion of net income paid out as dividends. Indicates the balance between shareholder returns and retained earnings for reinvestment

Dividends per share divided by share price. The income measure of how much annual cash flow a stock pays relative to its price

Earnings Per Share. Net income divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding, showing the profit attributable to each share

The share of total assets financed by equity. A fundamental measure of financial soundness - higher ratios indicate lower reliance on debt

Trading with borrowed funds or shares from a broker. Enables larger positions than cash allows but introduces margin-call risk and financing costs

Share price multiplied by shares outstanding. The market's aggregate valuation of a company, used for size classification and index weighting

Price-to-Book Ratio. The share price divided by book value per share, used to gauge under- or overvaluation against book equity

Price Earnings Ratio. The share price divided by earnings per share, indicating how many years of current earnings the market is paying for

Return on Equity. Net income divided by shareholders' equity, measuring how efficiently a company turns shareholder capital into profit